This paper analyses the resource advantage of the university library, investigates the service content of the university library, puts forward the object of cultural poverty alleviation: the poor population, the poor area, the local library, and constructs the model of university library's cultural poverty alleviation based on the object. On this basis, it puts forward specific poverty alleviation measures from three perspectives: poor people, poor areas and local libraries. Finally, it studies the guarantee condition of the most effective measure for poverty alleviation from the following aspect: improving laws and regulations, reforming management system, raising awareness and establishing long-term mechanism, and so on.